Course Overview and Syllabus

Course Goals

This course deals with the disordered functioning of the human body due to disease. An understanding of normal physiology is a necessary prerequisite to this course. It is designed for students or practitioners in allied health professions who need to understand the changes occurring in physiology due to an abnormality.

The goals are to develop in the student the ability to (1) correlate causes, signs, and symptoms with selected diseases, (2) know the normal ranges of serum, urinary, and respiratory values and be able to interpret the clinical significance of these values as they are altered in various disease states, and (3) to explain the changes occurring in physiology due to a disease.

Text

Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults & Children, 4th edition, by McCance and Huether.

Student Responsibilities

The lecture objectives on the following pages specify what students are expected to know. These objectives will be covered in class or assigned as homework. It is recommended that each student look at the syllabus, do the appropriate reading before lecture, attend the lecture, ask questions, and then re-read the material, including lecture notes.

Attendance is strongly encouraged. Your instructor will let you know of the specific attendance policy. If you find yourself having difficulties, seek help early from your instructor and/or the free tutoring service in 245 Franklin Hall.

Please receive permission from your instructor to tape the lectures. Taping of test answering sessions is strictly forbidden.

Cheating will result in a zero grade for that exam and Dr. Larry Mayer, the department chairman, will be notified. Further action may be taken up to and including expulsion.

Due to noise and other disturbances, children and pets are not permitted in the classroom. Mobile phones and beepers must be turned off also.

It is CSCC policy to provide reasonable accommodations to students with disabilities. If you would like to request accommodations because of a physical, mental, or learning disability, please contact the Department of Disability Services, 228 Franklin Hall.

Methods of Evaluation

Exam dates are determined by the instructor. Graded exams, except for the final, will be passed back in class and discussed, but must be returned to the instructor who will keep them for one quarter in case of a dispute. Failure to return an exam will result in a zero for that exam. Make-up exams will be given for valid reasons only, which will be determined by the instructor. Make-up exams may be taken at the Learning Center in Franklin 225.

Quizzes and Case Studies

Quizzes: 50 points

Each unit will begin with a short quiz that covers the material for the entire unit under study. Only the end of unit quizzes will be graded. The other quizzes will serve as pre-tests to help me see how much you are learning. They will also give you a "preview" of the information to come.

Case Studies: 50 points

Throughout the quarter, we will practice using lecture material in a series of 6 short case studies. The case studies are written homework assignments that will be compiled in a case study notebook.

Ground rules

1. Write your answers so that your grandmother can understand them. 1 point will be deducted from your final score for answers that are not written clearly for a lay audience.
2. Case studies are due by midnight the Friday after they are assigned. Late case study notebooks are subject to a deduction of 5 points for each week you are late. Case studies received after examinations will not receive credit.
3. Remember, email carriers can delay message transmission! Be sure to allow plenty of time for your messages to reach the instructor.

100% will be deducted for plagiarism. This means that if you are caught copying from course notes, the textbook, another student, or any other resource, then you will get a ZERO.

Bio170 Lecture Objectives

Homeostasis and Disease

1. Define disease.
2. Define and understand cellular adaptation and injury (hypoxia).
3. Differentiate etiology from pathogenesis.
4. Differentiate signs from symptoms.
5. Differentiate positive from negative feedback.
6. Explain inflammation and fever as a homeostatic mechanism.

Genetic Disorders

1. Explain developmental defects by discussing teratogens and etiological classifications of physical abnormalities.
2. Explain classical genetics by differentiating autosome, sex chromosome, dominant, and recessive.
3. Explain how chromosomal abnormalities like monosomy and trisomy arise and explain the effects in Down's, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
4. Correlate the etiology, pathogenesis, and physiological effects of Tay-Sach's disease, sickle cell anemia, Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia.
5. Correlate the etiology, pathogenesis, and physiological effects of phenylketonuria and galactosemia.

Neoplasia and Cancer

1. Define and explain carcinogenesis.
   
2. Explain local and systemic manifestations of cancer, and diagnosis of cancer including metastasis, staging, and risk factors.
3. Explain the effects of cancer by discussing hormones, hematology, dermatology, Musculoskeletal effects, neurological effects, pain, and cachexia.
4. Explain cancer therapies including surgery, hormonal therapy, radiation, and chemotherapy.
5. Correlate the causes, manifestations, and effects of skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency

1. Review normal anatomy & physiology of the lymphatic and immune system.
2. Explain the basis of autoimmunity.
3. Correlate the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, and myasthenia gravis.
4. Differentiate primary from secondary immunodeficiency.
5. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of immunodeficiency diseases.

Cardiovascular Diseases

1. Review normal anatomy & physiology of the cardiovascular system.
2. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure (CHF).
3. Interpret ECG and serum chemistry readings following a myocardial infarction.
4. Explain the process of atherosclerosis and aneurysms.
5. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of hypertension.
6. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of each type of shock (hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, and anaphylactic).

Blood Disorders

1. Review normal blood morphology, values, and functions.
2. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of acute and chronic leukemias.
3. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of sickle cell anemia, iron-deficiency, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, and hemolytic anemia.
4. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of coagulation disorders: vitamin K deficiency, massive tranfusion syndrome, thrombocytopenia, and diffuse intravascular coagulation.

Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances

1. Review normal anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.
2. Analyze serum values for solute, sodium, potassium, and calcium.
3. Identify the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of edema.
4. Identify the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of Hypervolemia and hypovolemia.
5. Identify the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of hypernatremia and hyponatremia.
6. Identify the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia.
7. Identify the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia.
8. Differentiate between acute and chronic renal failure.

Acid-Base Imbalances

1. Analyze arterial blood gas values and determine each type of imbalance.
2. Correlate the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of each acid-base imbalance: metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory alkalosis, and mixed acid-base disturbances.
3. Differentiate compensatory mechanisms from effects of the acid-base imbalances.

Respiratory Disorders

1. Review normal anatomy & physiology of the respiratory system.
2. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of hypoxia.
3. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs) such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer as well as Atelectasis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
4. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of each infectious disease: tuberculosis, bacterial and aspiration pneumonia.
5. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of asthma.

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Nutrition

1. Review normal anatomy & physiology of the digestive system and metabolism.
2. Discuss and explain protein: energy malnutrition.
3. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, celiac enteropathy (non-tropical sprue), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer.
4. Discuss obesity in regards to causes and physiological effects.

Endocrine Imbalances

1. Review normal anatomy & physiology of the endocrine system.
2. Explain and differentiate causes of Type I versus Type II diabetes mellitus.
3. Explain the pathogenesis and long-term effects of diabetes mellitus.
4. Explain the acute complications of diabetes mellitus, including ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hypoglycemic nonketotic coma, lactic acidosis, and insulin reactions.
5. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of thyroid Hypofunction and Hyperfunction.
6. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of Adrenocortical Hypofunction and Hyperfunction.
7. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of hormonally promoted cancers of the prostate, breast, ovary, cervix, and uterus.

Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

1. Review normal anatomy & physiology of the nervous system.
2. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of aneurysms, epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hematomas, cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs, strokes), transient ischemic attacks, and headaches.
3. Differentiate between partial, generalized, and unilateral seizures.
4. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
5. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of infectious brain diseases: encephalitis and meningitis.
6. Describe the biochemical alterations thought to be responsible for schizophrenia, mood disorders (depression and mania), panic disorders, and generalized anxiety disorders.